Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41085508›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology2026

Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for dermatologic conditions in people with HIV in the modern antiretroviral era: A cohort study in Washington, DC.

Yagiz Matthew Akiska, Morgan Byrne, Mana Nasseri, Adeline Koay, Michael A Horberg, Anne Monroe, Adam Friedman, Natella Rakhmanina, DC Cohort Executive Committee

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yagiz Matthew AkiskaSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia; Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Morgan ByrneMilken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Mana NasseriSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Adeline KoayDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Michael A HorbergDepartment of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California; Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Washington, District of Columbia.
Anne MonroeMilken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Adam FriedmanDepartment of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia. Electronic address: ajfriedman@mfa.gwu.edu.
Natella RakhmaninaSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia.
DC Cohort Executive Committee

Funding

The DC Cohort: A Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort Study of People Living with HIV in Washington, DCR24AI152598 · NIAID · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Amanda Derryck Castel, Marinella Temprosa · 2020 to 2026
$37.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI152598
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDermatologic disease (DD) remains a significant morbidity among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH), yet epidemiologic data in the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era are limited.

objectiveTo characterize the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of DD among PWH.

methodsThis longitudinal cohort study included 11,738 adults enrolled in the DC Cohort between 2011 and 2023. DDs were identified using ICD-9/10 codes and categorized as infectious dermatoses, inflammatory dermatoses, or cutaneous malignancies (CM). Prevalence, incidence trends, and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify risk factors.

resultsAmong participants, 49.4% had ≥1 dermatologic diagnosis, with infectious conditions most common (41.4%). Incidence declined from 2011 to 2024 across all categories: infectious (463 to 41), inflammatory (306 to 62), and malignant (31 to 6) cases per 1000 (all P < .0001). Cisgender females had over sixfold greater odds of CM. Lower nadir CD4 count, older age, public insurance, and prior opportunistic infections were associated with higher DD risk. LIMITATIONS: Use of ICD codes may have introduced misclassification; dermatology specialty access likely varied by site.

conclusionDD incidence has declined over time, reflecting advances in HIV care and treatment. Despite modern ART, DD remains prevalent. Demographic, immune, structural, and behavioral factors drive risk among PWH, underscoring the need for targeted care.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsSkin DiseasesAdultAnti-Retroviral AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesDistrict of ColumbiaFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSkin NeoplasmsAnti-Retroviral Agentsantiretroviral therapycohort studycutaneous malignancydermatologyHIVinfectious diseaseinflammatory dermatosesmarginalized populationskin cancerskin disease

Identifiers

PMID41085508
PMCPMC12717840

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.