Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41084936›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025

Unravelling Ligand Conjugation Performance in Extracellular Vesicles: A Quantitative Assessment of Lipid, Protein, and Membrane Modifications.

Xueping Pan, Siqin Zhang, Lu Xia, Mengdi Sun, Xueqi Su, Yingying Ke, Tianyu Zhang, Liyun Su, Jiabian Lian, Shuqi Wu and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xueping PanCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Siqin ZhangCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Lu XiaXiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Mengdi SunCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Xueqi SuCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Yingying KeCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Tianyu ZhangCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Liyun SuDepartment of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Jiabian LianXiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Shuqi WuSchool of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
Xiaomei YanDepartment of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-6863
Chaoxiang ChenCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-5219

Funding

Collaborative Innovation Platform Project of Fu-Xia-Quan National Independent Innovation Demonstration ZoneNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Fujian ProvinceNatural Science Foundation of Xiamen
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surface functionalization is an effective approach for enhancing the cancer-targeting efficiency of extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the lack of direct comparisons between functionalization strategies has hindered the rational design of EV delivery systems. To address this gap, we developed a nano-flow cytometry-based methodology to quantitatively evaluate ligand conjugation and its relationship to targeting efficiency across three representative post‑production EV engineering strategies: lipid modification, protein modification, and membrane insertion. All three strategies achieved high conjugation efficiencies (>90%) with ligand densities ranging from several to tens of ligands per 100 nm

Indexed as

Cell MembraneExtracellular VesiclesLigandsLipidsAnimalsAntigens, SurfaceBioengineeringCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMilk ProteinsNeoplasmsProtein BindingTransferrinAntigens, SurfaceLigandsLipidsMilk ProteinsTransferrin

Identifiers

PMID41084936
PMCPMC12519427

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.