ReviewJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the cardiovascular effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Review in Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists have been shown to improve cardiovascular health. This meta-analysis aims to directly compare their cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM). Methodology: We searched Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science from inception to August 2025 for observational studies that compared SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes patients and baseline cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The primary outcomes were Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and heart failure (HF), while the secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. The pooled hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed through a random-effects model, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Nineteen studies comprising 1,893,359 patients (1,182,641; SGLT2 inhibitors,710,718; GLP-1 agonists). Compared to GLP-1 agonist, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significant 18% reduced risk of heart failure in T2DM patients, while a non significantly reduced risk of MACE, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. In T2DM patients with pre-existing CVD, SGLT2 inhibitors showed a significant 14% reduced risk of heart failure, 10% reduced risk of myocardial infarction, and 7% borderline reduced risk of all-cause mortality compared to GLP-1 agonists. In T2DM patients without pre-existing CVD, SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated a significant 17% reduced risk of heart failure, with a non-significant reduction in MACE, all-cause mortality, and myocardial infarction compared to GLP-1 agonists, and a non-significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and stroke. Conclusion: Use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of HF in T2DM, along with a lower risk of HF, MI, and all-cause mortality with pre-existing CVD compared to GLP-1 agonists. However, high heterogeneity and a lack of RCTs warrant cautious clinical implications. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01741-2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.