Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41083976›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

Self-harming behaviors among forensic psychiatric patients living with intellectual disability.

Mark Mohan Kaggwa, Joan Abaatyo, Arianna Davids, Luke Brenton, Madeline Komar, John M W Bradford, Gary Andrew Chaimowitz, Andrew Toyin Olagunju

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mark Mohan KaggwaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. kmarkmohan@gmail.com.
Joan AbaatyoDepartment of Psychiatry, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda. joandux@gmail.com.
Arianna DavidsMichael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Luke BrentonMichael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Madeline KomarMichael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
John M W BradfordDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Gary Andrew ChaimowitzDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Andrew Toyin OlagunjuDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndividuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are frequently involved in the criminal justice system, and many subsequently enter the forensic psychiatric system. While individuals with ID in forensic psychiatric settings are known to have a high burden of engaging in self-harming behaviors, limited studies have explored self-harming behaviors among them.

aimTo determine the prevalence of ID and explore the burden of self-harming behaviors and the associated factors among forensic psychiatric patients with ID.

methodsThis retrospective study utilized data on 155 patients diagnosed with ID under the Ontario Review Board during the reporting year 2014 to 2015. The primary outcome variable was engagement in physical self-harming behaviors. Factors associated with self-harm were identified using logistic regression analysis, performed with STATA-17.

resultsThe prevalence of ID among forensic psychiatric patients in Ontario was found to be 13.1%. Of these patients, 43.2% had their Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) score included in the report used for the database. The prevalence of self-harming behaviors among patients with ID was 9.7%. The likelihood of self-harm was significantly lower in males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.002-0.47, p-value = 0.013) and significantly higher in those with a previous history of self-harm (aOR = 28.21, 95% CI = 1.61-494.66, p-value = 0.022).

conclusionThis study found a high burden of both ID and self-harm, especially among females and those with prior history of self-harming. These findings highlight the need for relevant resources, targeted interventions, and specialized programs to mitigate self-harm in this vulnerable population.

Indexed as

Intellectual DisabilitySelf-Injurious BehaviorAdolescentAdultFemaleForensic PsychiatryHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedOntarioPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung AdultForensic psychiatryFull-Scale intelligence quotientGenderIntellectual disabilityOntarioSelf-harm

Identifiers

PMID41083976
PMCPMC12519855

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