ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
How demoralization is related to trait resilience factors: a network analysis in a representative sample of the general population.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for demoralization syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDemoralization refers to a mental state of poor coping characterized by a loss of purpose and meaning, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, and suicidal ideation. The revised demoralization scale (DS-II) is among the most frequently used self-report measures. Recently, the psychometric properties and normative values of the DS-II-Ms (Münster version of the DS-II) were published, alongside a validation study linking it to depression and anxiety in the general population. This study investigates the relationship between DS-II-Ms scores and resilience, as well as well-validated trait resilience factors, specifically locus of control and general self-efficacy, using a network psychometrics approach.
methodsDS-II-Ms, Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 2 (GAD-2), Internal-External Locus of Control Short Scale-4 (IE4), General Self-Efficacy Short Scale-3 (GSE-3) and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were applied to a representative sample (N = 2401) of the German general population. A gaussian graphical model was estimated using a non-regularized algorithm to depict the unique connections between the measures.
resultsDS-II-Ms was moderately associated with lower internal (and higher external) locus of control while being conditionally independent from BRS and GSE-3. Conversely, depression symptoms lack of interest/low mood were connected to resilience and general self-efficacy but conditionally independent from locus of control.
conclusionsAlthough the cross-sectional study design limits directional interpretation, our findings indicate that trait resilience measures have unique associations with demoralization and depression/anxiety symptoms, supporting the discriminant validity of the demoralization construct. Depressed and demoralized individuals might benefit from different therapeutical approaches, targeting specific resilience factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.