SynthesisEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeUrinary tract infections (UTI) are a common complication in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), substantially impairing their quality of life and elevating mortality risk. Despite existing studies, comprehensive evidence regarding the risk factors for UTI remains insufficient, and the absence of specific preventive strategies presents a serious challenge. This study seeks to investigate how common UTI is among SCI individuals and identify contributing risk factors.
methodsA systematic literature search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP Database, and SinoMed for studies published from inception to September 29, 2024, that focused on UTI in patients with SCI. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist were used to assess the quality of the included studies. STATA version 15.1 was used to pool the UTI incidence among SCI individuals and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for relevant risk factors, using both random-effects and fixed-effects models.
results57 studies with 50,533 participants were included. The pooled incidence of UTI was 43% (95% CI: 36%, 50%). Subgroup analysis showed the following incidence rates by region: North America 40% (95% CI: 21%, 61%), South America 40% (95% CI: 31%, 50%), Oceania 50% (95% CI: 28%, 72%), Africa 19% (95% CI: 11%, 28%), Europe 45% (95% CI: 47%, 62%), and Asia 46% (95% CI: 37%, 55%). According to the meta-analysis, the following were determined to be key risk factors for UTI: Age ≥ 60 years (OR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.286, 1.942); Male gender (OR = 1.707, 95% CI: 1.235, 2.360); Long-term indwelling catheterization (OR = 2.103, 95% CI: 1.565, 2.825) Anemia (OR = 2.128, 95% CI: 1.524, 2.972); Higher level of SCI (OR = 1.627, 95% CI: 1.140, 2.323); Catheter insertion procedure (OR = 5.977, 95% CI: 4.384, 8.149). However, neither intermittent clean catheterization (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 0.440, 2.869) nor the duration of hospital stay (OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 0.994, 1.020) showed a notable association with the risk of developing UTI.
conclusionThis meta-analysis shows that older age, male gender, duration of indwelling catheterization, anemia, severity of SCI, and invasive catheterization procedures are linked to a heightened risk of UTI among patients with SCI. In contrast, length of hospital stay and intermittent clean catheterization are not significantly related to UTI risk. Increasing awareness of these risk factors and implementing effective preventive strategies are crucial tasks for clinicians and nursing staff in reducing the risk of UTI among SCI patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41083882What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.