ArticleScientific reports2025
Tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay positivity reflects the severity of conjunctivochalasis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An objective indicator for diagnosing and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of conjunctivochalasis (CCh) treatments is not available. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between CCh severity and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP)-9 point-of-care (POC) semi-quantitative test to determine its suitability for diagnosing and evaluating CCh. We conducted a prospective study comprising healthy participants and patients with evaporative dry eyes and CCh. The participants underwent CCh severity, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, ocular staining score, tear meniscus height, and tear MMP-9 evaluations. The MMP-9 test results were classified into negative and weakly, moderately, and strongly positive. We included 108 participants; 54 participants had CCh and 54 did not. The MMP-9 positivity rate was significantly higher for patients with ≥ CCh grade 2 than those without CCh (p < 0.001). Of the CCh-negative participants, 75.9% were MMP-9-negative, and 24.1% were moderately/strongly positive. Conversely, 37.0% of CCh-positive patients were MMP-9-negative, and 63.0% were moderately/strongly positive. Furthermore, MMP-9 positivity significantly differed among the CCh severity groups (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a positive correlation between CCh severity and MMP-9 positivity (p < 0.001, R = 0.420). The tear MMP-9 positivity correlated with CCh severity. Therefore, the MMP-9 POC test may help diagnose CCh and evaluate its severity after treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.