ArticleChemistryOpen2025
Facile Separation of Gadolinium(III) from Samarium(III) and Lanthanum(III) by Emulsion Liquid Membrane and the Optimization with the Box-Behnken Design Method.
Article in ChemistryOpen, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are important topics and receive considerable attention, because of their unique properties, high economic value and are widely applied in various fields. Gadolinium is an REE, commonly used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. However, its presence is still mixed with other REE like samarium and lanthanum so it's necessary to separate gadolinium from the mixture. The purpose of this research is to separate gadolinium from samarium and lanthanum and to determine the optimum conditions of various parameters that affect their separation. This separation is carried out by emulsion liquid membrane method using tributyl phosphate extractant, span-80 and tween-80 surfactants, kerosene solvent and nitric acid as internal and external phases. Parameter optimization is carried out with Box-Behnken design (BBD) which can predict the optimum value efficiently. The results are analyzed using visible spectrophotometer with alizarin red sulfonate. In this research, gadolinium is successfully separated from samarium and lanthanum with optimum conditions: surfactant concentration 4.2%, ligand concentration 1.4%, internal aqueous concentration 2.3 M, and external aqueous pH 1. The results obtained gadolinium with a value of %E and %S being 84.18% and 89.24%, while the recovery and purity are 75.12% and 22.59%.
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