Inter-basin contrast in the Southern Ocean warming.

Yuanyuan Song, Yuanlong Li, Gaël Forget, Aixue Hu, Qian Li, Jia-Rui Shi, Xiaodan Chen, Kai Ge, Fan Wang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuanyuan SongKey Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting and Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0930

Yuanlong LiKey Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting and Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. liyuanlong@qdio.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-5756

Gaël ForgetDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Aixue HuClimate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-287X

Qian LiDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-233X

Jia-Rui ShiWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-1281

Xiaodan ChenDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-2181

Kai GeKey Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting and Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.

Fan WangKey Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting and Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-7567

Funding

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 19-MAP19-0011National Science Foundation (NSF) IA 1947282

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Southern Ocean (SO) is a major contributor to global ocean heat uptake, exhibiting deep-reaching warming trends within the 35°S-55°S band. Here, we reveal a notable inter-basin contrast in the SO warming rates. Over the past six decades, the warming of the 0-700 m Atlantic-Indian sector was 40.0 ± 5.7% faster than the Pacific sector, nearly doubling at ~44°S. Ocean-only and coupled model experiments suggest that this basin-scale contrast arises from alterations in wind-driven heat redistribution rather than surface heating. Specifically, the intensification and poleward migration of westerly winds are more prominent in the Atlantic-Indian sector, leading to stronger upper-layer heat convergence. The inter-basin warming contrast is projected to persist and amplify throughout the remainder of the 21

Identifiers

PMID41083486

DOI10.1038/s41467-025-64112-8

PMCPMC12518790

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.