Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41083467›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Wearable disposable electrotherapy.

Mohamad FallahRad, Kyle Donnery, Mojtaba Belali Koochesfahani, Zeeshan Chaudhry, Rayyan Bhuiyan, Benjamin Babaev, Matthew Saw, Tiffany Liu, Miguel R Diaz Uraga, Mahdi Zaman and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Biointegrated Battery-Based Electroceuticals.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Mohamad FallahRadDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA. Fallahrad.mohamad@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-7277-4821
Kyle DonneryDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8335-6447
Mojtaba Belali KoochesfahaniDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Zeeshan ChaudhryDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Rayyan BhuiyanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Benjamin BabaevDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Matthew SawDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Tiffany LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Miguel R Diaz UragaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7821-2423
Mahdi ZamanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Kisholoy SahaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Osvaldo VelardeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Ayman RddadDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Niranjan KhadkaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-5214
Myesha ThahsinDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Alexander CouzisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6632-3011
Marom BiksonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Opioid Use DisordersUH3DA048502 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BREMNER, JAMES DOUGLAS, INAN, OMER TOLGA · 2023 to 2025
$5.8M
G-RISE: Graduate Research Initiative for Student Advancement at The City College of New YorkT32GM136499 · NIGMS · CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK · PI RUTH E. STARK · 2020 to 2026
$4.9M
HRV-guided tDCS: Integrating a biomarker for clinical utilityR01EB035129 · NIBIB · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Giuseppina Pilloni · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Stroke EaRly After onset Clinical Trial-2 (TESSERACT 2)UG3NS134619 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BAHR HOSSEINI, MERSEDEH, FENG, WUWEI · 2024 to 2025
$1.6M
Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Opioid Use Disorders UG3DA048502 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BREMNER, JAMES DOUGLAS, INAN, OMER TOLGA · 2020 to 2021
$844k
CSRD VA I01 CX002331NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB035129NIDA NIH HHS UG3 DA048502NIDA NIH HHS UH3 DA048502NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136499NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS134619U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) NIH-NIBIB 1R01EB035129U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) NIH-NINDS UG3NS134619U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) NIH-NIDA UG3DA048502U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) NIH-NIDA UH3DA048502
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We design and validate an electrotherapy platform without electronic components, using printed, abundant, environmentally benign materials. Whereas existing electrotherapy devices use an independent power source and electronics to generate and control stimulation currents, our design eliminates the need for these components. Device production relies only on scalable additive manufacturing and common materials, minimizing cost and environmental impact. The disposable single-use platform (as discreet as adhesive bandages) is activated simply by placement on the body. A prescribed electrotherapy dose is regulated by a flexible 3D electrochemical architecture tailored to each application by a bespoke operational theory. The single-dose usability of this platform is a categorical shift from existing approaches with durable equipment that require programming and assembly to disposable electrodes for each use. Our Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy technology can be distributed like pharmacotherapy, with indications spanning neuromodulation of brain disorders, skin health and wound healing, transcutaneous drug delivery, and bioelectronic medicine.

Indexed as

Disposable EquipmentElectric Stimulation TherapyWearable Electronic DevicesElectrodesEquipment DesignHumans

Identifiers

PMID41083467
PMCPMC12518841

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.