Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41083293›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Imprisonment and mortality among adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities in New South Wales, Australia, 2001-2015: a data-linkage cohort study.

Erin Spike, Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, Azar Kariminia, Tony Butler, Julian Trollor

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Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Erin SpikeKirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia espike@kirby.unsw.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4343-1599
Preeyaporn SrasuebkulThe National Centre for Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-1368
Azar KariminiaKirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Tony ButlerSchool of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Julian TrollorThe National Centre for Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-2977

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectives(1) Examine the associations between imprisonment history and mortality among adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities and (2) examine the associations between receipt of disability services and post-release mortality among adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities released from prison.

designPopulation-based data-linkage cohort study using historical administrative data.

settingNew South Wales (NSW), Australia.

participants67 217 adults aged ≥18 years (59.1% male) with one or more neurodevelopmental disabilities in NSW, Australia, from July 2001 to June 2015. OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality. In the full cohort, we used Cox regression to examine the associations between release from imprisonment and all-cause mortality. In a subcohort of those released from prison, we used Poisson regression to examine the associations between receipt of disability services and post-release all-cause mortality.

results3.3% of participants (n=2214) were imprisoned and released at least once during follow-up. In all age groups<55 years, age-specific all-cause mortality rates were higher in those released from prison than in those who were not imprisoned. In Cox regression models, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, release from prison was associated with higher all-cause mortality compared with never imprisonment (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.50 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.92)); however, this association was no longer present after further adjustment for mental illness, substance use and physical comorbidity (aHR 1.02 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.31)). Among those released from prison, being known to the prison disability service was associated with higher post-release mortality (adjusted mortality rate ratio (aMRR) 1.97 (95% CI 1.18 to 3.30)), whereas receipt of community disability services was not associated with post-release mortality (aMRR 1.09 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.15)).

conclusionsAmong adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mortality was increased among those released from prison compared with their peers who had not been imprisoned, although this was largely explained by health-related factors, including mental illness, substance use and physical comorbidity. Comprehensive policy and service system responses are required to meet the health and safety needs of people with neurodevelopmental disabilities who have complex needs, including criminal legal system involvement, mental illness and substance use.

Indexed as

Neurodevelopmental DisordersPrisonersAdolescentAdultAgedCause of DeathCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncarcerationMaleMiddle AgedNew South WalesProportional Hazards ModelsYoung AdultDevelopmental neurology & neurodisabilityDisabled PersonsMortalityPrisons

Identifiers

PMID41083293
PMCPMC12519720

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