Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41082362›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Ion-Electron Fusion Transparent Film for Interactive Soft Robotics.

Zhiqiu Ye, Chao Zhang, Gaoyang Pang, Kaichen Xu, Shuangjia Liu, Yichen Wang, Jiahuan Qiu, Huaixuan Dai, Bingru Wang, Yinliang Gan and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Intrinsic Superprotonic Conduction in Metal-Free Hydrogen-Bonded Organic-Inorganic Frameworks.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Ion-Electron Fusion Transparent Film for Interactive Soft Robotics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zhiqiu YeState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Chao ZhangState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Gaoyang PangSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
Kaichen XuState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Shuangjia LiuState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Yichen WangState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Jiahuan QiuMOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Huaixuan DaiPolytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Bingru WangDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MI, 63 130, USA.
Yinliang GanZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, P. R. China.
Liu YangCollege of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Huayong YangState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
Geng YangState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, the School of Mechanical Engineering, the Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Robotics in Electric Equipment Manufacturing and Intelligent Operation-Maintenance, and the Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Robot, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-5426

Funding

Dongfang Electric Corporation-Zhejiang University Joint Innovation Research InstituteJoint Research Project of Sci-Tech Innovation Community in Yangtze River Delta 2023CSJGG1400National Natural Science Foundation of China 52375031Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province LRG25E050001the Bellwethers +X Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province 2024C04057the Bellwethers +X Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province 2025C01012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Marine organisms combine sensory networks and bioluminescence to achieve adaptive interaction in complex environments. Existing bioinspired soft robots, however, mainly focus on actuation and rarely integrate both functionalities to enhance autonomy. Flexible transparent conductive films offer a promising route for strain-based proprioception and visible light communication, but maintaining stable conductivity and high transparency under large deformations remains challenging. Here, An ion-electron fusion film is presented, termed i-PEDOT:PSS, comprising a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer on an ionic substrate. The interfacial ion penetration, in combination with the pre-formed microcrack structure, imparts i-PEDOT:PSS with robust conductivity and desirable strain-sensing capability under large strain. The i-PEDOT:PSS achieves a highly linear and repeatable electromechanical response over strains up to 300%, approximately three times that of previously reported transparent strain sensors, while maintaining an optical transmittance of 93%. Benefiting from these properties, i-PEDOT:PSS serves as a multifunctional component in soft robotic systems. As a strain sensor, it enables real-time monitoring and adjustment of the locomotion state of underwater transparent soft robots. As a stretchable transparent electrode, it supports electroluminescent devices for underwater optical signal transmission. This work established a fully soft, interactive robotic platform, offering a new framework for the development of perceptive and communicative soft robotics.

Indexed as

bioinspired underwater robotsinteractive soft roboticsstrain sensorsstretchable transparent electrodesvisible light communication

Identifiers

PMID41082362
PMCPMC12884758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.