ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Identifying the causal role and therapeutic potential of immune-related genes in bladder cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBladder cancer, a highly aggressive malignancy, necessitates effective therapeutic strategies due to the significant correlation between muscle invasion and prognosis. Despite advancements in immunotherapy, the mechanisms through which immune-related genes influence bladder cancer remain unclear.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive causal analysis of immune-related genes using GWAS data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen, and immune gene information from InnateDB. Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, supported by sensitivity, colocalization, and reverse causality analyses, was performed using eQTLGen Consortium and proteomics GWAS data. We analyzed protein-protein interaction networks with GeneMANIA and validated findings using mRNA expression and clinical survival data from the TCGA database.
resultsThe expression of the GSTM1 gene demonstrated an inverse correlation with cancer risk, suggesting a protective role in disease progression. Our study also identified OLFM4, NTN1, ITPR3, CLU, and CARD11 as genes significantly associated with immune cell composition and bladder cancer survival. Additionally, we uncovered protein interaction networks and key pathways involving these immune-related genes, providing new insights into bladder cancer intervention and treatment.
conclusionThis study elucidates the immune-related pathways influencing bladder cancer, highlighting GSTM1 and other key immune-related genes as potential biomarkers. These discoveries pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches, advancing personalized medicine strategies in bladder cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.