Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41082074›Full record

ArticleAdvances in therapy2025

Medical Cost and Healthcare Utilization in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Regional Population.

Zaixin Zhao, Yuwei Lin, Peng Shen, Yang Xu, Yexiang Sun, Xun Tang, Huijuan Li, Hongbo Lin, Pei Gao

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Article in Advances in therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zaixin Zhao *Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yuwei Lin *Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Peng ShenYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China.
Yang XuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yexiang SunYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China.
Xun TangInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Huijuan LiInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Hongbo LinYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China. lin673160@163.com.
Pei GaoInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China. peigao@bjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face high medical and economic burdens. However, information on healthcare utilization and medical expenditures for these patients in China is limited. This study aims to describe these aspects in a regional population in China.

methodsAdult patients with CKD and T2DM from an electronic health record (EHR)-based longitudinal cohort study in Yinzhou, Ningbo, China were included between 2017 and 2020. Annual medical costs in Chinese yuan (CNY) and their equivalent in United States dollars (USD) and healthcare utilization (length of hospital stay, outpatient visits) were described by CKD stages. Two-part models estimated medical costs and healthcare utilization for each CKD stage.

resultsA total of 16,521 patients were included. The average total medical cost for all patients increased from 7087 (14,432) [mean (SD)] in 2017 to 10,901 (30,621) CNY in 2020. Medical costs across CKD stages increased in both outpatient visit expenses and hospitalization costs. In particular, hospitalization costs for patients with G3 increased from 3963 (12,497) to 9970 (39,513) CNY, and for G4 from 12,394 (24,571) to 19,421 (48,299) CNY. Overall, two-part model estimation results showed that outpatient visits increased from 11.8 (10.4) times in 2017 to 12.9 (11.1) in 2020, and length of stay increased from 3.4 (10.9) to 4.5 (16.7) days.

conclusionsThe study revealed that outpatient visits were main healthcare delivery method across CKD stages, with rising medical costs and healthcare utilization, especially hospitalization costs in G3 and G4. These findings highlight the need for efficient outpatient management and timely interventions in China.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Care CostsPatient Acceptance of Health CareRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultAgedAmbulatory CareChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHealth ExpendituresHospitalizationHumansLength of StayLongitudinal StudiesMaleChronic kidney diseaseDatabase researchHealth economyReal word researchType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41082074
PMCPMC12618313

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