ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025
Small airway disease as a key factor in COPD: new perspectives and insights.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morphological Analysis of the Flow-Volume Curve for Identifying Fixed Airflow Obstruction: A Scoping Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Associations Between Musculoskeletal Structural Parameters and Pulmonary Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adenosine Signaling as a Central Integrative Network in Cellular Stress Responses and a Therapeutically Actionable Target in Human Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Regenerative therapeutics for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Among Workers and Residents of Navanakorn Industrial Zone, Thailand.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond Triple Therapy: Anti-Type 2 Biologic Therapies for Eosinophilic COPD and Respiratory Comorbidities - a Review of Clinical Evidence.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Diaphragm and the Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Function in Individuals Attending a Smoking Cessation Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Small Airway Disease in Pre-COPD and Early COPD: Insights Into the Pulmonary "Silent Zone".International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Quantitative CT-derived lobar inter-tapering as a candidate imaging feature associated with airway-predominant non-emphysematous COPD.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Exposure-response relationship between ambient PMFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Identification of imaging-based pulmonary and extrapulmonary treatable traits in COPD: a review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Research Progress and Comparative Evaluation of Three Cutting-Edge Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment Strategies: Biologics, Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction, and Stem Cell Therapies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small airways-defined as bronchioles <2 mm in internal diameter that lack cartilaginous support-are frequently involved in the earliest stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While COPD is defined per GOLD by persistent post-bronchodilator airflow limitation, small-airway dysfunction can precede spirometric abnormality, motivating earlier, imaging- and physiology-based detection (Agustí et al., 2023). Pathological progression typically begins with loss and stenosis of terminal bronchioles, followed by mucus retention/plugging, fibrotic remodeling, chronic inflammation, microvascular abnormalities, and cellular senescence, ultimately resulting in irreversible impairment of gas exchange. Early diagnosis remains difficult, but a suite of advanced non-invasive modalities-including impulse oscillometry system/forced oscillation techniques (IOS/FOT), single- and multiple-breath washout tests, high-resolution CT with parametric response mapping (PRM), nuclear medicine approaches (e.g., SPECT), dynamic measurements of lung compliance, and Fluorine-19 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.