Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41080792›Full record

ArticlePublic health challenges2025

Un-Matched 1:1 Retrospective Case-Control Study of the Transmission of Typhoid Fever in Neno District, Malawi.

Priscilla Talabuku, Atusaye Mwalwanda, Elton Chavura, Tawonga Mwase-Vuma, Balwani Chingatichifwe Mbakaya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health challenges, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Priscilla TalabukuPublic Health Department University of Livingstonia Livingstonia Malawi.
Atusaye MwalwandaDepartment of Community Development Luke International Mzuzu Malawi.
Elton ChavuraFaculty of Medicine Health and Life Science, Swansea University Swansea Wales UK.
Tawonga Mwase-VumaCenter For Social Research University of Malawi Zomba Malawi.
Balwani Chingatichifwe MbakayaPublic Health Department University of Livingstonia Livingstonia Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4705-9064

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite multidisciplinary efforts to control typhoid fever, outbreaks continue to recur in Neno District. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to typhoid transmission and explore community knowledge and empowerment strategies. The study comprised of 200 cases and 200 controls. Mixed-method approach was used. Quantitative data were analyzed with Statistics Training Analysis Translation Assistance (STATA) version 17 to determine associations. Associations between variables were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) to measure the strength of associations. Logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate adjusted OR. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The study revealed that 14.8% of participants lacked knowledge about how typhoid fever spreads, although 85% were aware of preventive measures. Nearly a third of participants (31.5%;

Indexed as

case–controlMalawiNeno Districttransmissiontyphoid fever

Identifiers

PMID41080792
PMCPMC12515055

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.