ArticleCytoJournal2025
Membrane-spanning 4 domains subfamily A member 4A inhibition promotes M1 macrophage polarization and enhances anti-gastric cancer immune response.
Article in CytoJournal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical value and regulatory role of lncRNA HOXB-AS3 in gastric cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) limits the treatment effectiveness of immunotherapy in gastric cancer (GC). This study investigated the role of membrane-spanning four domains subfamily A member 4A (MS4A4A) in the regulation of macrophage polarization and its effect on the immune response in GC, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy by addressing the immunosuppressive TME. Material and Methods: A GC ectopic tumor model was initiated in C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneous MKN-45 injection. Five groups were formed by randomly dividing the mice: model, MS4A4A recombinant protein, MS4A4A antibody, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody, and MS4A4A recombinant protein + PD-1 antibody groups. MKN-45 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were cocultured with the MS4A4A protein or antibody. Macrophage polarization was analyzed through flow cytometry, gene expression through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), cytokine levels through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, protein expression through Western blot, and tumor morphology through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: In the GC mouse model, the MS4A4A recombinant protein markedly enhanced tumor growth ( Conclusion: This study shows that MS4A4A promotes tumor growth by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing immune responses, while MS4A4A antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity by inducing M1 polarization. PD-1 antibody reverses MS4A4A's pro-tumor effects, restoring anti-tumor immunity. MS4A4A inhibitors or their combination with PD-1 antibodies may offer a promising strategy for GC immunotherapy.
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