ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Introducing human 3D skin models as a new serological diagnostic tool for severe autoimmune bullous diseases.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Engineering the Healing Process: Advanced In Vitro Wound Models and Technologies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
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13 authors.
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Abstract
Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) are acquired disorders characterized by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of the skin and mucous membranes, resulting in blister formation. In pemphigus, pathogenic autoantibodies primarily directed against desmosomal adhesion proteins (desmoglein 1 and 3), disrupt epidermal cell-cell adhesion, leading to intraepidermal blister formation. In contrast, pemphigoid diseases are marked by subepidermal blistering due to autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins, such as BP180 and BP230, located in the basement membrane zone. Diagnosis of AIBDs is based on clinical presentation, histolopathology, direct immunofluorescence, and serological analyses. Specific circulating autoantibodies can be identified using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), which conventionally relies on animal-derived tissues, such as monkey esophagus, as substrates. This study aimed to develop a standardized
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