ArticleCureus2025
The Hidden Burden of Cyanotic Nephropathy: Prevalence and Correlates in Indian Children With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease at a Tertiary Center.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWe observed a paucity of data on the prevalence of nephropathy in cyanotic heart diseases, with limited studies focusing on glomerular and tubular damage due to chronic hypoxia.
methodOver a period of 18 months, children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) in the age range of 2-18 years attending the outpatient department or admitted to the wards were enrolled. Using basic laboratory parameters, including serum creatinine, urine albumin, urine protein, and urine creatinine, we calculated the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to identify renal impairment.
resultAmong the study population (n = 98), 80.61% had albuminuria (ACR > 30 mg/g of creatinine), and 54.08% had increased PCR (>0.2 mg/mg of creatinine). Based on eGFR, 39.79% had a GFR of less than 90 mL/minute (n = 39). Two (n = 2) had nephrotic range proteinuria, and none of the patients were in chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5. Age-wise analysis revealed a higher prevalence of renal impairment in the 11-18-year age group compared to the two-to-five-year age group, indicating progressive renal dysfunction with uncorrected CCHD. Hematocrit (HCT) levels showed a significant association with renal impairment, with higher HCT levels (>65%) correlating with increased prevalence of renal impairment. Hypoxemia and lower oxygen saturation levels were also associated with increased albuminuria, suggesting their contribution to renal damage.
conclusionThe study highlights the prevalence of latent nephropathy (80.61%) in CCHD patients and its association with HCT levels, emphasizing the need for early recognition and monitoring of proteinuria and renal function.
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