ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2025
Trends of non-lethal intentional self-harm and suicide in Spain 2018-2023: a nationwide registry-based study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Barcelona Injury Surveillance System (BISS) for Safer Cities: Observational, Descriptive Study Using Routine Health and Police Information Databases.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Observational
- The evolution of suicide mortality in Europe: decline with persistent disparities in an age-period-cohort analysis.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- Individual- and population-level associations of mental disorders with intentional self-harm.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Monitoring suicide and non-lethal intentional self-harm (NLISH) is critical for prevention efforts. We analysed trends in NLISH and suicide in Spain (2018-2023), including related demographic and clinical factors. Methods: Nationwide population-based study including all NLISH hospitalisations (from health registries) and suicides (from national mortality data) in Spain between 2018 and 2023. We first examined the sociodemographic characteristics and method used for both outcomes, and the clinical characteristics of NLISH hospitalisations. Then, we evaluated annual and monthly trends in NLISH and suicide rates overall and by sex and age group using Joinpoint regression. Findings: Between 2018 and 2023, we identified 73,692 NLISH hospitalisations and 23,496 suicides in Spain, averaging 12,282 and 3916 annually, respectively. NLISH hospitalisations were more common among women (n = 44,304; 60·1%), and suicides among men (n = 17,471; 74·4%). Youth aged 10-24 accounted for 17,915 (24·3%) NLISH hospitalisations but only 1125 (4·8%) suicides; conversely, individuals aged ≥65 represented 7327 (31·2%) suicides but only 9410 (12·8%) NLISH hospitalisations. The leading methods were drug poisoning for NLISH (n = 50,643; 68·7%) and hanging for suicide (n = 10,810; 46·0%). From 2018 to 2023, NLISH rates rose annually by 8·0% (95% CI: 1·5, 15·9), especially among young women shortly after the 2020 initial pandemic outbreak. Suicide rates rose 2·6% annually (95% CI: 0·6, 4·8), especially among young women and middle-aged men. Interpretation: Non-lethal self-harm is rising in Spain, especially among young women. Suicide shows smaller but significant increases. Urgent, age- and gender-sensitive strategies are needed to address all suicidal behaviour and ensure timely mental health care. Funding: ISCIII (PI23CIII/00056; CP21/00078; AC22/00006; PI22/00107; PI17/00521), EU (NextGenerationEU/MRR), ERA PerMed, FMTV3 (202220-30), AFSP (ECR-1-101-23), BBRF (NARSAD-31312), NIMH (1R25MH129256-01A1).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.