ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2025
Risk factor analysis of cognitive frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and influencing factors of cognitive frailty in patients with chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Role and mechanisms of ferroptosis in cognitive impairment: From molecular pathways to therapeutic targets (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Influencing factors of cognitive frailty in older patients with esophageal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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Abstract
Background: Cognitive Frailty (CF), characterized by the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia, is a significant concern in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of CF in this population, addressing the urgent need for early detection and intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 713 T2DM patients aged ≥65 years. Participants were assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) for cognitive function and Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP) criteria for physical frailty. CF was defined as CDR = 0.5 and FP score ≥ 3. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Results: The prevalence of CF was 24.3%. Cerebrovascular disease (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.44-3.97) and peripheral arterial disease (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03-2.95) were significant risk factors, while higher education (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.94) and later diabetes onset (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98) were protective. Early-onset diabetes significantly increased CF risk regardless of education level. Conclusion: This study highlights a markedly increased risk of CF in older adults with T2DM, especially in individuals with CVD, PAD, low education levels, or early-onset diabetes. Notably, early diabetes onset may override the protective effects of cognitive reserve, emphasizing the critical need for early metabolic and vascular risk management in this high-risk population. These findings support integrated screening for cognitive and physical frailty in diabetes care to enable timely interventions.
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