ArticleJournal of translational autoimmunity2025
Immune responses to infection and autoimmune diseases in the UK biobank.
Article in Journal of translational autoimmunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Big Data May Have Big Pitfalls: Ensuring Rigor in Rheumatic Disease Epidemiology.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- A telomere-lipid-immunity axis linking viral integration to autoimmune disease risk.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Impact of oncogenic viruses on autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Infections may trigger autoimmunity, but large-scale studies on antibodies to infections and their associations with autoimmune diseases are limited. We aim to better understand the etiologic role of infection. Methods: We analyzed 9429 UK Biobank participants for 45 antibody responses to 20 pathogens. Association between seropositivity and autoimmune diseases was assessed with logistic regression for prevalence and Cox regression for incidence, applying Bonferroni correction. 49 autoimmune diseases were ascertained via International Classification of Diseases codes and self-reported diagnoses, of which 14 were analyzed. Results: At baseline, 671 (7.1 %, 58 % female) had at least one autoimmune disease. In males, HSV-1 seropositivity was linked to lower odds of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease (odds ratio 0.29 [95 % CI 0.12-0.68]), at Bonferroni significance. At nominal significance (p < 0.05), eight associations were observed-positive: HHV-6B-type 1 diabetes, Conclusions: This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between antibodies to infectious agents and autoimmune diseases. Inverse associations may suggest infections could train the immune system or reflect altered host immunity, while positive associations indicate potential autoimmune triggers. These findings enhance understanding of autoimmune disease etiology and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies and hypothesis-driven research.
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