ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical analysis2025
Understanding the mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives on cytokines and chemokines in acute high-altitude illness syndromes.
Review in Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of acute sleep restriction on resting ventilation and cytokine levels in normobaric hypoxia, and their association.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Pharmacological Blockade of Hypoxia-Driven Autophagy: A Therapeutic Strategy to Limit Endothelial Activation and Thrombosis.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Gut-heart axis at high altitude: a dynamic mediator from hypoxic dysbiosis to adaptive cardioprotection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Low hypoxia tolerance as a determinant of the proinflammatory phenotype: a trained immunity perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond glycemic control: molecular mechanisms of metformin in modulating cytokine networks in polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute high-altitude (HA) illnesses (AHAIs), including acute mountain sickness (AMS), HA cerebral edema (HACE), and HA pulmonary edema (HAPE), represent significant health challenges for individuals rapidly ascending to high altitudes. Cytokines (interleukins (ILs)) and chemokines, which are involved in inflammatory and immunological responses, regulate the response of the body to hypoxic stress. Their dysregulation can contribute to the clinical symptoms of AMS, HACE, and HAPE by increasing vascular permeability, causing edema and damaging tissue. AHAIs elevate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1, IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10, CXCL8, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2 (CCL2), and CCL3, exacerbating symptoms. Thus, this review focuses on the cytokines and chemokines involved in AHAIs and the molecular mechanisms that extend beyond these cytokines and chemokines in clinical and preclinical contexts. Identifying these mediators and pathways helps researchers design drugs that reduce symptoms, slow disease progression, and enhance outcomes. Cytokines and chemokines have complex functions in these disorders and may serve as prospective therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss treatment possibilities for AHAIs (drugs, exercise, and other inhibitors). This knowledge will help us to protect and improve the health of individuals at high altitudes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.