ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
The regulatory effects of luteolin, calycosin, and formononetin on the NLRP3/IL-33/ILC2s axis in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: mechanistic analysis and therapeutic potential.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting ANGPTL3 and IL-33/ST2 Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Reducing Lipotoxicity, Alleviating Inflammation and Inhibiting Fibrosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Formulation Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives of Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), a common IgE-mediated inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa, presents with nasal itching, episodic sneezing, and runny nose. Emerging evidence indicates that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are key players in AR development. Epithelial-derived alarmins (IL-33, IL-25, TSLP) activate ILC2s, leading to Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) that enhances inflammation. Recent research shows that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) can function as a transcriptional regulator of interleukin-33 (IL-33), offering new mechanistic insights into ILC2s dysregulation. Based on analysis and pharmacological validation of various effective components against AR, three compounds-luteolin, calycosin, and formononetin-have been identified as key ingredients due to their notable anti-inflammatory properties. This review systematically explores how these compounds regulate the NLRP3/IL-33/ILC2s signaling pathway, laying the groundwork for developing targeted AR treatments.
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