ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Topical delivery of meropenem via spanlastic carbopol gel:
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Spanlastics, a type of elastic nanovesicle, represents a promising drug delivery system capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug compounds. These carriers are biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic. Meropenem (MRP), a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, is widely used to treat severe infections in both adults and children before the causative pathogens are identified. However, meropenem's aqueous formulations are highly unstable and must be administered within 24 h of preparation. This study aimed to develop a meropenem-loaded spanlastic formulation (MRP-SP) for topical application, aiming to enhance both the drug's stability and skin permeability. Methods: Spanlastics were prepared using Span 60 and Brij 35 via the ethanol injection method. The MRP-SP formulation was extensively characterized through particle size analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, Results and Discussion: The optimized formulation (Batch F5), composed of Span 60 and Brij 35 in a 1:4 M ratio, exhibited a particle size of 462 nm, spherical morphology, 69.5% drug encapsulation efficiency, and 20% drug release within 6 h. The gel form of the same batch showed a comparable release profile. Antibacterial testing revealed that MRP-SP reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration by 2.4-fold against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to free MRP. Additionally, MRP-SP significantly downregulated the expression of mexA, a key resistance gene.
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