ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Andrographolide suppresses chondrosarcoma cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and activating autophagy.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cinobufotalin reduces glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide by inhibiting the CCL5-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Modulation of Autophagy by Bioactive Natural Products: Implications for Human Aging and Longevity.Nutrients · 2026Review
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Chondrosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, exhibits a high incidence rate. This study employed network pharmacology and cell-based experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms by which andrographolide (Andro) suppressed the migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells. Methods: Andro's target genes were identified through integration of data from SuperPred, SEA, STITCH, Pharmmapper, HERB, HIT-2, and Swiss Target Prediction databases, and subsequently cross-referenced with chondrosarcoma-related genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING platform, followed by GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of potential targets with R software. Molecular docking assessed the binding affinities between Andro and key targets. Based on network pharmacology data, Results: A total of 167 potential targets for Andro were identified. The PPI network highlighted PI3K, Akt, and mTOR as core targets. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that Andro's inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion were linked to the PI3K/Akt, HIF-1, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed that the binding energies for the Andro-PI3K, Andro-Akt, and Andro-mTOR complexes were<-5 kcal/mol. Wound healing and transwell assays demonstrated that Andro (5 and 20 μM) treatment significantly reduced the wound healing rate and impaired the migratory and invasive abilities of chondrosarcoma cells after 24 hours ( Conclusion: Therefore, Andro could reduce the migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, alleviating autophagy inhibition, and subsequently promoting autophagic activity.
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