ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Investigation of enhanced adhesion of HEK293T cells on SAM-modified ITO surfaces using NMR metabolomics.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tartrazine Clears Live Cells while Preserving Viability at High Refractive Indices and Osmolality.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Tartrazine clears live cells while preserving viability at high refractive indices and osmolality.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing, three-dimensional structures that replicate the main features of an organ. It is a fast-evolving area of research in regenerative medicine and cell biology. While the primary or stem cells are adapted for most of the organoid systems, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T cells have been used in specialized applications within organoid systems when genetic manipulation is necessary. Unfortunately, HEK293T cells often suffer from loose adherence, which limits their applications in organoid formation. To improve cellular adhesion and proliferation, and to provide insights into the pathways involved in adhesion, HEK293T cells were cultured on a glass substrate sputtered with indium tin oxide (ITO) that is covered with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-(mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPS) (hereafter known as ITO-MPS SAM-coated substrate), a SAM of 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), and a SAM of 1-octadecanethiol (ODT). The ITO-MPS SAM scaffold yielded the most promising results, based on cell proliferation using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the metabolomics present in the media with and without ITO-MPS-SAM coated substrates for a period of 120 h. The findings from the MTT assays demonstrate improved cell adhesion and proliferation on the ITO-MPS SAM-scaffold. The confocal microscopy images are consistent with these findings and provide a visual confirmation of the enhanced cellular environment. The metabolomic analysis yielded twenty-six metabolites, including sixteen adhesion promoters and modulators. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing substrate conditions for improving cell adhesion and proliferation in HEK293T cells, potentially enhancing 3D cell culture and organoid research. The study also highlights novel metabolomic changes associated with improved cellular adhesion, contributing to the broader field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.