ArticleACS omega2025
Enhancing Performance of Silica-Filled Isoprene Rubber: The Synergistic Role of Urea and Silane Coupling Agent.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the compatibility between silica and synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR) by examining the synergistic effects of urea and silane (Si-75) as coupling agents. Comparative analyses were conducted on synthetic IR formulations containing silica: without silane (Si-75), with silane alone, and with a combination of silane (Si-75) and urea. The results revealed that the presence of urea alongside silane reduced both cure and scorch times while increasing maximum and delta torques. These findings suggest an enhanced interaction between synthetic IR and the amine groups of urea on the silica surface. Furthermore, the combination of urea and Si-75 enhanced the 100% and 300% modulus, as well as the tensile strength of vulcanized IR. Analyses of the Payne effect, cross-link density, and FTIR confirmed a more effective distribution of silica within the IR matrix. Scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed smaller silica agglomerates in the IR/silane/urea system. Dynamic mechanical analysis provided a comprehensive evaluation, corroborating that urea, in conjunction with silane, facilitates optimal silica dispersion in the IR.
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Registered trials
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