ReviewIBRO neuroscience reports2025
Beyond apoptosis: Exploring necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis in sevoflurane- and isoflurane-associated PNDs.
Review in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Janus Face of Isoflurane: A Dose-Age-Response Model of Cognitive Impact.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- DDIT4 silencing attenuates sevoflurane-induced ferroptosis via the mTOR pathway in neuronal cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- USF1-mediated transcription of PARP1 contributes to sevoflurane-induced pyroptosis in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- The Molecular Architecture of Neurodegeneration: An Integrative Overview of Convergent Mechanisms.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Decoding neuroimmune ferroptotic vulnerability in isoflurane-induced neonatal neurotoxicity via the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common postoperative complications, particularly in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia. While sevoflurane and isoflurane are widely used inhalational anesthetics, their association with PNDs requires deeper mechanistic investigation. Although apoptosis was traditionally considered the primary mechanism, recent evidence implicates non-apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) pathways-necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis-in PND pathogenesis. These pathways amplify neuroinflammation and neuronal damage through distinct molecular mechanisms. This review synthesizes current understanding of these PCD pathways in inhalational anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity, evaluating their molecular signatures and interactions. We identify critical knowledge gaps and propose research directions focusing on pathway dominance, crosstalk, and multi-target therapeutic strategies. These insights advance PND pathophysiology understanding and inform novel treatment development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.