ReviewNeuroendocrinology2025
Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia Worldwide: A Review of the Literature (2012-2022).
Review in Neuroendocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2026
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has been rising globally. However, epidemiological studies on NENs often lack comprehensive geographical comparisons, with limited reporting on demographic variations, risk factors, and tumour site-specific trends. SUMMARY: This review examines the global epidemiological trends in NENs, focussing on incidence, demographic variations, risk factors, and survival outcomes across tumour sites. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase, identifying 74 eligible epidemiology-focused studies on adult NEN populations published between 2012 and October 13, 2022. Results indicate a rising incidence of NENs across multiple sites, with significant regional and demographic variations. Gastrointestinal NENs are the most prevalent, with rectal NENs experiencing the highest increase. Gastric NENs are more common in Asian countries, while appendiceal NENs are predominantly found in younger Caucasian females. Pancreatic NENs exhibit racial disparities, with black patients diagnosed at younger ages and facing socioeconomic barriers to care. Lung NEN incidence is rising, except for small-cell lung cancer, which is declining due to reduced smoking rates. Survival outcomes vary by site, with rectal and appendiceal NENs having better prognoses and gastric and colonic NENs having worse survival rates. Across all sites, advancing age is linked to poorer survival, while females generally have better outcomes. Common modifiable risk factors include obesity, type 2 diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and metabolic syndrome. KEY MESSAGES: This review provides a comprehensive global perspective on NEN epidemiology, allowing healthcare providers to identify high-risk populations to inform screening strategies and address modifiable risk factors to help mitigate the increasing incidence and improve patient outcomes worldwide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.