ArticleRegenerative medicine2025
Comparison of 3D culture systems on mesenchymal stem cell longevity, regenerative potential, and secretome production.
Article in Regenerative medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Osteogenic Response of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) to an Alginate/Chitosan/Cannabidiol Hydrogel.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 3D Fibrin/Gelatin Hydrogel System Enhances the Therapeutic Potency of DPSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Compared to 2D Culture in Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing via Angiogenesis and Immune Modulation.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- From pathophysiology to therapy: molecular mechanisms of stem cell and extracellular vesicle-mediated repair in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic and Clinical Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Secretome for Skin Regeneration.Cells · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely investigated for regenerative therapies, yet current expansion methods often compromise their stem-like properties, limiting large-scale clinical translation. We aimed to evaluate whether a novel hydrogel-based Bio-Block® platform preserved intrinsic adipose-derived MSC (ASCs) phenotype and secretome compared with conventional systems. MATERIALS/
methodsASCs were cultured for four weeks in 2D, spheroids, Matrigel, or Bio-Blocks. Cultures were assessed for proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, trilineage differentiation, stem-like gene expression, secretome protein and extracellular vesicle (EV) production, and EV potency on endothelial cells (ECs).
resultsBio-Block ASCs exhibited ~2-fold higher proliferation than spheroid and Matrigel groups, with senescence reduced 30-37% and apoptosis decreased 2-3-fold. Trilineage differentiation and stem-like markers (e.g. LIF, OCT4, IGF1) were significantly higher in Bio-Block ASCs. Secretome protein declined 35%, 47%, and 10% in 2D, spheroid, and Matrigel, respectively, but was preserved in Bio-Blocks. Similarly, EV production increased ~44% in Bio-Blocks, while other systems declined 30-70%. Bio-Block EVs enhanced EC proliferation, migration, and VE-cadherin expression, whereas spheroid EVs induced senescence and apoptosis.
conclusionThis study highlights the critical influence of culture systems on scaling robust MSC-based therapies and introduces a biomimetic platform that represents a potential scalable strategy for producing high-potency and robust regenerative therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.