ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Customized extracellular vesicles targeting lysosomal biogenesis deliver therapeutic cargo for intervertebral disc degeneration treatment.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut-Intervertebral Disc Axis: Gut Microbiome-Driven Immune-Metabolic Imbalance and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Review
- Multifunctional nanoplatforms deciphering immune resistance in bone tumors: cooperative delivery, immune reprogramming and microenvironment remodeling.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- The Jekyll and Hyde of Extracellular Vesicles: Dual Roles as Disease Drivers and Therapeutic Saviors in Diabetic Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained prominence as advanced drug delivery systems due to their inherent merits. Recent advancements highlight their utility in transporting therapeutic proteins with significant progress in targeted therapies. To optimize EV efficacy, engineering strategies focus on enhancing cargo encapsulation efficiency. The robust interaction between immunoglobulin G Fc fragments and the cytoplasmic receptor TRIM21 offers a novel framework for stable cargo loading. This study identifies Ras-related GTP-binding protein D (RRAGD) as a critical regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function. Leveraging Fc-TRIM21 interactions, engineered EVs encapsulating RRAGD were developed. Surface modification with CAP peptides enhanced nucleus pulposus (NP) cell-targeting specificity of EVs. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that engineered EVs ameliorated lysosomal dysfunction and suppressed apoptosis in NP cells, and slowed intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progression. The mechanistic analysis revealed the functional co-localization of RRAGD with lysosomal marker LAMP1 and lysosomal regeneration transcription factor TFEB, indicating lysosomal targeting. This study establishes CAP-modified engineered EVs based on the Fc/TRIM21 platform as a therapeutic strategy to restore lysosomal homeostasis and counteract IDD pathogenesis, underscoring the potential of EV-based therapies for degenerative disc diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.