ArticleInflammopharmacology2025
Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki essential oil: a traditional remedy revitalized for modern antimicrobial challenges.
Article in Inflammopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changes in the properties of Mentha spicata L. essential oil under the influence of soil characteristics, available water, and altitude in the mountainous regions of Kashan.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Essential oil and extract of clevenger's waste of hymenocrater calycinus (boiss.) benth. as a non-toxicity option for cutaneous burns according to traditional use.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Herbal Textual Research, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity of Atractylodis Rhizoma: A Comprehensive Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria are a major threat in wound infections, making the search of effective natural alternatives to antibiotics more urgent than ever. Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki (Lamiaceae) has been used since ancient time in folk medicine for wound healing and joint pain. This study presents a deep characterization of the essential oil (EO) extracted from P. molucelloides, focusing on the identification and quantification of the main chemicals and evaluating its antimicrobial activity. The EO was extracted by means of hydro-distillation method, from the dried aerial parts of P. molucelloides, which were collected from the natural habitat of Kashan region (Iran). The main chemical constituents were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activity was assessed against 11 microorganisms including bacterial and fungal strains, especially those involved in wound and opportunistic infections, using agar diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MFC/MBC). The extracted EO was white in color, with a yield of approximately 0.23%. The main compounds identified were caryophyllene (14.67%), bicyclogermacrene (10.69%), phthalic acid, decyl isobutyl ester (9.36%), germacrone D (7.95%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.30%). The largest diameter of the inhibition zone (DZI) was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (10.6 + 1.5 mm), while the strongest inhibitory activity was against Bacillus subtilis (MIC > 62.5 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC ~ 125 μg/mL), comparable to rifampin used as reference. Overall, this study identifies a new chemotype of P. molucelloides in the Kashan region with a unique chemical profile and promising antibacterial activity against those pathogens mainly responsible for wounds and skin infections. These results support the potential use of this essential oil as an alternative strategy for treating and preventing such infections, in line with the historical use in folk/traditional medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41075073What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.