ArticlePsychopharmacology2026
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) increases serum hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1 alpha (HIF- 1α) in depressed patients.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHypoxia has been shown to cause disturbances in neurohormonal regulation in the brain and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) activation and propose a perspective on the potential role of HIF-1α in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).
methodsTwenty patients diagnosed with MDD who underwent ECT and 25 healthy controls who did not undergo any treatment were included in the study. Serum HIF-1α levels in peripheral blood samples taken from the patients both before ECT (pre-test) and after (post-test) were compared with those in the control group. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale, and sociodemographic data form were administered to all the patients.
resultsThe HIF-1α values in the patient group pre-test were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.008). The HIF-1α levels in the patient group post-test were significantly higher than pre-test (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the HIF-1α levels in the patient group post-test and the control group (p > 0.05).
conclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first research to investigate serum HIF-1α changes in MDD patients undergoing ECT. The study demonstrated that ECT treatment in MDD patients leads to an increase in HIF-1α levels and suggests that HIF-1α may contribute to the antidepressant mechanism of ECT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41074959What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.