ArticleArtificial organs2025
The Orthotic Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Reactive Stepping for People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in Artificial organs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Combined With Reactive Balance Training for Individuals With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomised Clinical Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often face challenges initiating reactive steps, leading to an increased risk of falls. Reactive balance training (RBT) can improve balance control; however, it is difficult to participate in RBT without the ability to initiate a reactive step independently. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to facilitate participation in RBT. FES applied to the common fibular nerve (CFN) following iSCI initiates a flexor withdrawal response, promoting rapid hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, potentially aiding the execution of reactive stepping responses. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the orthotic (i.e., immediate) effect of FES on reactive stepping parameters in participants with chronic, motor iSCI.
methodsSixteen individuals with chronic motor iSCI completed the Lean-and-Release test, which elicits reactive stepping through a simulated forward fall. Participants completed 10-20 trials, with FES applied in half at random. The behavioral response (i.e., single-step, two-step, ≥ 3-step, or fall) of each trial was recorded. Temporal parameters (i.e., foot-off time, swing time, and stepping time) and spatial parameters (i.e., length, height, and width) of the first reactive step were also recorded.
resultsThe proportion of single-step (p = 0.31), two-step (p = 0.19), ≥ 3-step (p = 0.44) and fall (p = 0.42) behavioral responses did not differ between FES and No-FES conditions. Additionally, the temporal (foot-off time (p = 0.43), swing time (p = 0.80), and step time (p = 0.95)) and spatial parameters (length (p = 0.73), height (p = 0.70), and width (p = 0.54)) of the first reactive step did not differ between conditions.
conclusionsFES had no orthotic effect on reactive stepping parameters in individuals with chronic motor iSCI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.