ArticleVeterinary clinical pathology2025
Determination of Reference Intervals for Selected Liver Biomarkers With Focus on Pre- and Postanalytical Factors in Lactating Dairy Cattle.
Article in Veterinary clinical pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Bovine alkaline phosphatase in health and disease: A bibliometric and narrative review.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMeasurement of liver enzymes and metabolites for both clinically healthy and sick cattle is a routine part of dairy herd management. Reference intervals (RIs) are influenced by many variables, including pregnancy, breeding, and geographical variables, and can shift over time. Few previous studies have addressed the specific RIs of dairy cows, and none have specifically addressed the RIs of German Holstein Friesian cows.
objectiveThe aim was to determine the RIs of German Holstein Friesian cows considering variables such as age, parity, milk yield, body condition score, days in milk, and pregnancy. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of anticoagulant use on the RIs.
methodsSerum, lithium heparin, and EDTA plasma samples from 131 lactating, apparently healthy Holstein Friesian cows from 10 dairy farms were collected. The levels of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and total bilirubin were measured, and new RIs were determined.
resultsThe following RIs were determined: beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB): 0.25-1.00 mmol/L; ALP: 71.1-258.9 U/L; GLDH: 9.1-121.0 U/L; CK: 65.4-257.2 U/L; GGT
conclusionNew and more precise RIs for cattle could help veterinarians detect hepatocyte damage with minor enzyme leakage and liver stress at an early stage.
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