ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2025
Characterization of PIVKA-II Molecular Forms via Size Exclusion Chromatography and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography in HCC Patients.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProtein induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is an important serological biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The crucial epitope of PIVKA-II comprises a series of Glu residues located in the Glu-Gla domain. The other antibody required for the PIVKA-II sandwich immunoassay recognizes prothrombin fragments 1 and 2. However, the molecular diversity of these regions has not been well documented.
methodsPIVKA-II immuno-reactivities in blood taken from HCC patients were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Obtained fractions were subsequently tested using MU-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a polyclonal anti-prothrombin antibody (pAb). Immuno-reactivity in each fraction was analyzed by an inhibition assay using prothrombin fragments and by a sandwich immunoassay.
resultsSEC analysis of three paired serum and plasma samples gave a single peak of PIVKA-II immuno-reactivity corresponding to the expected molecular mass. However, HIC analysis using three paired sets and 14 HCC specimens revealed immuno-reactivity present in two distinct peaks of either low (peak-L: an elution position of 300-500 mM ammonium sulfate) or high (peak-H: an elution position of 100-300 mM ammonium sulfate) hydrophobicity or both peaks together. Immuno-reactivity of peak-L was inhibited by human prothrombin fragment-1 and detected by mAbs that recognize prothrombin-1. Immuno-reactivity of peak-H was inhibited by human prothrombin fragment-2 and detected by mAbs for prothrombin-2.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate PIVKA-II exhibits molecular diversity, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic tool. This finding will contribute to further understanding of HCC and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.