Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41073996›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2025

Sensory-emotional-cognitive effects of resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise in Japanese community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain: a non-randomized controlled trial.

Cen Chen, Takafumi Saito, Lefei Wang, Harukaze Yatsugi, Ziming Gong, Sitong Li, Hiro Kishimoto

Abstract readControlled Clinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Cen Chen *Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human- Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Takafumi Saito *Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Physical Therapy, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan.
Lefei WangDepartment of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human- Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Harukaze YatsugiFaculty of Rehabilitation, School of Physical Therapy, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan.
Ziming GongDepartment of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human- Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Sitong LiDepartment of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human- Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Hiro KishimotoDepartment of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human- Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. kishimoto@artsci.kyushu-u.ac.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough Tai Chi has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating pain and improving functional mobility in people with chronic pain, the mechanisms underlying its pain-relieving effects remain poorly understood. We assessed the efficacy of a Tai Chi intervention on pain-related sensory, emotional, and cognitive indices in Japanese community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain.

methodsA non-randomized controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks in the community of Itoshima City, Fukuoka, Japan. Adults aged ≥ 60 years with chronic pain were recruited and allocated to an intervention group or a control group. A total of 84 participants were allocated, with 44 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group. Chronic pain was defined as musculoskeletal pain lasting ≥ 3 months. Baseline characteristics of participants included age, sex, education, body mass index, comorbidities, current tobacco consumption, current alcohol consumption, and fall history. The control group received resistance training; the intervention group received resistance training and Tai Chi exercise. The main outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention: a pain numeric rating scale (NRS), the pressure pain threshold (PPT), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). As secondary outcomes, TSK and PCS subscales were evaluated with the same procedures. The statistical analyses used the t-test, χ

resultsNo baseline characteristics differed significantly between the groups. At 12 weeks, the intervention group showed significant improvements in the NRS (p = 0.02, 95%CI: -2.20, - 0.18), PPT (p = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.99), TSK (p = 0.004, 95%CI: -6.35, - 1.22), and PCS (p = 0.01, 95%CI: -10.18, - 1.43) versus the control group. There was no significant between-group difference in the CSI values. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, significant interactions were revealed between time and group for PPT (p = 0.02), TSK (p = 0.02), and PCS (p = 0.03) as well as the subscales TSK-Somatic Focus (p = 0.02) and PCS-Rumination (p = 0.01).

conclusionTai Chi intervention may serve as a potential treatment for chronic pain by addressing sensory, emotional, and cognitive aspects of pain.

trial registrationThe University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000052727, Date: 2023-11-13. https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000058307 .

Indexed as

Chronic PainCognitionResistance TrainingTai JiAgedAged, 80 and overEmotionsFemaleHumansIndependent LivingJapanMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementChronic painOlder adultTai chi

Identifiers

PMID41073996
PMCPMC12512250

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.