Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41073983›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis amongst school children in three health districts of Cameroon; Lagdo (North), Loum and Njombe-Penja (Littoral): a cross-sectional study.

Njegwe Nehemiah Tangu, Edouard Nantia Akono, Flore Nguemaïm Ngoufo, Raoul Polycarpe Tuekam Kayo, Archile Paguem, Pierre Kamtsap, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Alfons Renz

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Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Njegwe Nehemiah TanguDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
Edouard Nantia AkonoDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon. akonoed@yahoo.fr.
Flore Nguemaïm NgoufoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
Raoul Polycarpe Tuekam KayoDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
Archile PaguemDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
Pierre KamtsapDepartment of Comparative Zoology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
Louis-Albert Tchuem TchuentéDepartment of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Alfons RenzDepartment of Comparative Zoology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSchistosoma haematobium causes urogenital schistosomiasis (UgS), responsible for the largest number of schistosomiasis infections in sub-Saharan Africa, including Cameroon.

objectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with UgS among school children in three Health Districts (HDs) of Cameroon. STUDY

designThis was a school-based cross-sectional study that took place in Lagdo (North region), Loum and Njombe-Penja (Littoral region) HDs of Cameroon, from April 2022 to June 2023.

methodsA total of 600 pupils were enrolled in this study, consisting of 100, 200, and 300 pupils from Loum, Njombe-Penja, and Lagdo HDs, respectively. Of these, 308 boys and 292 girls aged 8-14 years old were included. Urine samples were collected from the pupils and examined microscopically for Schistosoma haematobium eggs. The prevalence of UgS was compared across various groups (e.g., HDs, sex, and age) using the Chi-square test. Epidemiological factors associated with UgS were identified using binary logistic regression and odds ratio (OR). A p < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant.

resultsThe overall prevalence of UgS was 16.2% (97/600). UgS infections were found in 28.3% (n = 85), 12.0% (n = 12), and nil (n = 0) of pupils in Lagdo, Loum, and Njombe-Penja HDs, respectively. In the Lagdo HD, 1.0% (3/300) urine-derived co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni was found. UgS infection was significantly higher in males (19.2%; 59/308) than in females (13.0%; 38/292) (p = 0.041) but not with age groups (in years: ≤ 10, 11-12, and 13-14) (p = 0.073). Moreover, higher risk of UgS infection were observed in pupils from Lagdo HD (OR: 2.899; CI: 1.509-5.572) and boys (OR: 1.584; CI: 1.016-2.468), when compared to others in their respective categories.

conclusionsUrinary eggs of Schistosoma haematobium were present in 28.3% of samples at Lagdo HD, 12.0% at Loum HD, and nil at Njombe-Penja HD. HDs and sex were epidemiological factors associated with UgS infection. This necessitates disease education, improvement of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) infrastructures, and snail vector control in at-risk localities, to improve schistosomiasis control/elimination efforts.

Indexed as

Schistosomiasis haematobiaAdolescentAnimalsCameroonChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsSchistosoma haematobiumSchoolsStudentsCameroonEpidemiological factorsPrevalenceSchool childrenUrogenital schistosomiasis

Identifiers

PMID41073983
PMCPMC12512553

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.