Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41073658›Full record

ArticleNature materials2026

Multiple freezing-melting pathways of high-density ice through ice XXI phase at room temperature.

Yun-Hee Lee, Jin Kyun Kim, Yong-Jae Kim, Minju Kim, Yong Chan Cho, Rachel J Husband, Cornelius Strohm, Emma Ehrenreich-Petersen, Konstantin Glazyrin, Torsten Laurus and 23 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Assessing Order in Liquid, Supercooled, and Crystalline Water.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Yun-Hee Lee *Frontier of Extreme Physics, Space Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Jin Kyun Kim *Frontier of Extreme Physics, Space Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-9879
Yong-Jae Kim *Frontier of Extreme Physics, Space Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-332X
Minju KimFrontier of Extreme Physics, Space Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Yong Chan ChoFrontier of Extreme Physics, Space Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-8343
Rachel J HusbandDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-401X
Cornelius StrohmDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
Emma Ehrenreich-PetersenDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
Konstantin GlazyrinDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-9265
Torsten LaurusDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-2123
Heinz GraafsmaDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-667X
Robert P C BauerDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-6683
Felix LehmkühlerDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-995X
Karen AppelEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-2102
Zuzana KonôpkováEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.
Minxue TangEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.
Anand Prashant DwivediEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7497-0444
Jolanta Sztuck-DambietzEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.
Lisa RandolphEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-404X
Khachiwan BuakorEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.
Oliver HumphriesEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-0422
Carsten BaehtzHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-511X
Tobias EklundMax-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
Lisa Katharina MohrbachInstitut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
Anshuman MondalInstitut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
Hauke MarquardtDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-6515
Earl Francis O'BannonLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-5090
Katrin Amann-WinkelMax-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-7807
Choong-Shik YooDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Ulf ZastrauEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-4449
Hanns-Peter LiermannDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-1183
Hiroki NadaGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Geun Woo LeeFrontier of Extreme Physics, Space Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. gwlee@kriss.re.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1641

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 390715994DOE | Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) 19-ERD-031DOE | LDRD | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) DE-AC52-07NA27344Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) KRISS-2024-GP2024-0014MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP24K01428National Research Council of Science and Technology (National Research Council of Science & Technology) CAP23041-100RCUK | Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/V000527/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Various metastable ice phases and their complicated transition pathways have been found by pressurization at low temperatures at which slow kinetics and high metastability are easily achieved. By contrast, such diversity is less expected at room or elevated temperatures. Here, using a combination of a dynamic diamond anvil cell and X-ray free electron laser techniques, we demonstrate that supercompressed water transforms into ice VI through multiple freezing-melting pathways at room temperature, hidden within the pressure region of ice VI. These multiple transition pathways occur via a metastable ice (more specifically, ice XXI with body-centred tetragonal structure (

Identifiers

PMID41073658
PMCPMC12867761

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.