Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Body Composition by DXA in Patients with Klinefelter and Kallmann Syndrome: The Kama Study.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Body composition in male hypogonadism: practical considerations to the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Body Composition by DXA in Patients with Klinefelter and Kallmann Syndrome: The Kama Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
contextKlinefelter syndrome and Kallmann syndrome are 2 rare genetic disorders characterized by reduced testosterone (T) levels but differing in their gonadotrophin profiles. To date, no studies have directly compared body composition in these 2 syndromes.
objectiveThis work aimed to assess the prevalence of altered body composition parameters in patients with Klinefelter and Kallmann syndromes and to compare body composition between the 2 groups. Secondary objectives included evaluating associations between body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.
methodsThis single-center, retrospective observational study included 50 patients, 29 with Klinefelter and 21 with Kallmann syndrome receiving T replacement therapy. Body composition was evaluated using whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which provided measurements of appendicular lean mass (ALM), total body fat (TBF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), the ALM-to-height² ratio (appendicular lean mass index, ALMI), and the ALM-to-weight ratio.
resultsRadiologic sarcopenic obesity was identified in 7 patients (14%; 6/29 Klinefelter, 1/21 Kallmann), while osteosarcopenic obesity was found in 2 patients (4%), both with Klinefelter syndrome. Patients with Kallmann syndrome had significantly higher ALMI values than those with Klinefelter syndrome (8.37 ± 1.15 vs 7.28 ± 1.20 kg/m²; P < .001). Univariable analysis revealed an inverse association between FSH levels and ALMI (B = -0.026; P = .002), which remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders (B = -0.030; P = .0022).
conclusionThis study demonstrated a significant difference in lean mass between Klinefelter and Kallmann syndromes, supporting a potential role for FSH in modulating muscle mass independently of T levels.
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