Observational studyBritish journal of sports medicine2025
Heading to guidance: understanding in-training heading demands for elite men's and women's football.
Observational study in British journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Short Term Effects of Football Headers on Reaction Time and Symptomology in Males and Females.European journal of sport science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the heading demands of elite footballers during training sessions using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs).
methodsMethods followed the Consensus Head Acceleration Measure Practices guidelines. This prospective observational cohort study involved 52 elite male players from four clubs in the first and third tiers of English football, and 20 elite female football players from two clubs in the first tier. Players wore iMGs during outfield training sessions to collect data. A linear mixed model was used to identify differences in heading metrics based on sex, age and header situations, analysing 13 distinct metrics related to heading frequency and intensity.
resultsThe study recorded 1496 heading impacts across 63 training sessions. The mean peak (SD) heading intensity was 18.1 (8.5) g and 1068 (776) rad/s
conclusionsThis understanding of heading demands has important implications for player health and safety. The information can be used to inform training practices and quantification of heading loads.
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