Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41071455›Full record

ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025

Pediatric nummular headache: review of the literature and a case series with nosographic considerations.

Sofia D'Agostino, Antonella Morea, Carola Meo, Martina Tarantini, Giuditta Gambino, Umberto Quartetti, Maria Rosita Ruta, Edvige Correnti, Daniela D'Agnano, Giuseppe Santangelo and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sofia D'Agostino *Child Neuropsychiatry Unit Department, Pro.M.I.S.E. "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
Antonella Morea *Children Epilepsy and EEG Center, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy.
Carola Meo *Child Neuropsychiatry Unit Department, Pro.M.I.S.E. "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
Martina Tarantini *Children Epilepsy and EEG Center, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giuditta GambinoDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Section of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy.
Umberto QuartettiDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Section of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy.
Maria Rosita RutaChild Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASP 6-90100, Palermo, Italy.
Edvige CorrentiChild Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP, ARNAS Civico, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
Daniela D'AgnanoChildren Epilepsy and EEG Center, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giuseppe SantangeloChild Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP, ARNAS Civico, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
Giuseppe GigliaDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Section of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy.
Vittorio SciruicchioChildren Epilepsy and EEG Center, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy.
Vincenzo RaieliChild Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP, ARNAS Civico, 90100, Palermo, Italy. vincenzoraieli@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-0881

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNummular headache (NH) is a rare, often underdiagnosed form of primary headache, characterized by pain localized to a well-circumscribed area of the scalp. Although well documented in adults, its presentation in pediatric age is still poorly understood and rarely described.

methodsThe narrative review synthesizes the few pediatric NH cases reported in the literature. Further we describe our small case series of six pediatric patients (age 9-17 years) diagnosed with NH. For each case, the following were evaluated: clinical features, age of onset, localization and form of pain, associated symptoms, family history, response to treatments and neuroradiological findings. Diagnoses were compared with ICHD-3 criteria and with data present in the literature.

resultsFive patients presented with episodic NH, one with a continuous form. The painful area ranged from 1 to 4 cm in diameter, with round, oval and rectangular shapes. Four reported migraine-like symptoms. In one case NH was secondary to Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In two patients, a rectangular-shaped area of pain was observed, suggesting the need to review the diagnostic criteria.

conclusionsThis case series highlights the clinical heterogeneity of NH in pediatric age, with episodic and continuous forms, morphological variability and migraine-like symptoms. The rectangular shape found in some cases calls into question the current nosographic limits and suggests the need for a broader pathophysiological understanding. Here we also propose possible new criteria for the diagnosis of Nummular Headache.

Indexed as

HeadacheHeadache Disorders, PrimaryAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleCase seriesChildrenICHD-3 classificationMigraineNummular headachePediatric headaches

Identifiers

PMID41071455

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.