Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41071381›Full record

Trial reportPituitary2025

Effect of oral urea ingestion on growth hormone levels in healthy adults - a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial.

Friederike Riehle, Sven Lustenberger, Emanuel Christ, Sophie Monnerat, Cihan Atila, Mirjam Christ-Crain

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pituitary, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Friederike RiehleDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Sven LustenbergerDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Emanuel ChristDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Sophie MonneratDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Cihan AtilaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Mirjam Christ-CrainDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. mirjam.christ-crain@usb.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-0965

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAvailable stimulation tests for growth hormone (GH) deficiency are burdensome or require intravenous access, highlighting the need for accessible, oral options. Increasing plasma urea through oral ingestion may stimulate GH secretion via feedback regulation. In this analysis, we investigated the effect of oral urea on GH levels.

methodsThis is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy adults. They received a single weight-adapted dose of oral urea (0.5 g/kg body weight; 30-45 g) or placebo in random order. Serum GH was measured at baseline, 60 and 120 min. The main outcome was the difference in absolute GH levels after placebo and urea intake.

resultsOf 22 healthy adults, 12 (55%) were female, with a median [IQR] age of 27 years [26, 32] and a body mass index of 23.3 kg/m

conclusionOral urea does not significantly stimulate GH secretion and cannot be used as a stimulation test for GH deficiency.

Indexed as

Growth HormoneHuman Growth HormoneUreaAdministration, OralAdultCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultGrowth HormoneHuman Growth HormoneUreaAnterior pituitary stimulation testGrowth hormoneGrowth hormone deficiencyUrea

Identifiers

PMID41071381
PMCPMC12513981

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.