SynthesisArchives of toxicology2026
Pharmacovigilance and toxicological risks associated with apitherapeutic products: a systematic overview.
Synthesis in Archives of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing use of bee products in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries has intensified interest in their therapeutic properties. However, the safety of these natural compounds warrants careful consideration, particularly within the context of pharmacovigilance. This study aimed to conduct an integrative review of the scientific literature and official pharmacovigilance databases (Notivisa, EudraVigilance, FDA/MedWatch, TGA, among others) to identify adverse effects and toxicological risks associated with the use of honey, apitoxin (bee venom), propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, and beeswax. The findings indicated that although widely used, these products are not free from risk. Reported cases included infant botulism and grayanotoxin poisoning linked to honey; anaphylaxis and fatalities following therapeutic use of bee venom; contact dermatitis and systemic reactions induced by propolis; severe asthma attacks after royal jelly consumption; adulteration of pollen-based supplements with illicit pharmacological substances; and allergic reactions to beeswax in cosmetic products. Allergic responses were the most prevalent type of adverse event, particularly among atopic individuals. These findings highlight the need for appropriate labeling, post-marketing surveillance, and educational campaigns to ensure the safe use of these products. It is concluded that despite their recognized benefits, apitherapeutic products must be used with caution, and the strengthening of pharmacovigilance systems is essential to safeguard public health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.