Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41071146›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2026

Frequency and Predictors of Adolescent Worry for School Gun Violence in the United States: Findings From a Nationally Representative Study.

Danielle Kirkland, Tsung-Chieh Fu, Debby Herbenick, Devon J Hensel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Danielle KirklandDepartment of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Tsung-Chieh FuCenter for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
Debby HerbenickCenter for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
Devon J HenselCenter for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Electronic address: djhensel@iu.edu.

Funding

Sexual Health and Behavior in a U.S. Probability Sample of Adolescents and AdultsR01HD102535 · NICHD · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI FU, TSUNG-CHIEH (JANE), HERBENICK, DEBRA LYNNE · 2021 to 2024
$2.5M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD102535
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWhile adolescent exposure to school gun violence (SGV) incidents in the United States (U.S.) has risen sharply over the past decade, limited research has examined adolescent worries about SGV. We examined the frequency and correlates of SGV worry in a U.S. nationally representative sample of adolescents.

methodsData were from adolescent participants (14-17 years; N = 1,017) in the 2022 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, a nationally representative study of sexual health experiences of people in the U.S. SGV worry was a single five-point item (not at all worried - extremely worried). We used both weighted descriptive statistics to examine SGV frequency and random intercept mixed effects ordinal regression to examine demographic and background impact on SGV worry.

resultsNearly 75% of adolescents reported some degree of SGV worry; of these, one in five was very or extremely worried. SGV worry was significantly higher for adolescents in younger grades and among racial/ethnic minority youth, as well as for cisgender female and gender minority teens. Adolescents in higher income homes were less worried about SGV. Both teens living in metropolitan locations and teens who reported higher anxiety in the past 2 weeks noted higher SGV worry. DISCUSSION: The U.S. adolescents have a significant level of worry about SGV. Because there are detrimental long-term impacts of prolonged worry, targeted interventions are important for reaching those who are at greatest worry risk, including lower income, race/ethnic minority, and gender minority teens.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorAnxietyGun ViolenceSchoolsStudentsAdolescentFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesAdolescentNationally representative surveySchool gun violenceWorry

Identifiers

PMID41071146
PMCPMC12776582

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.