Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41070711›Full record

Observational studyAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026

Cannabis use measurement: Identifying the optimal metric for broad research applications.

Carillon J Skrzynski, Raeghan L Mueller, L Cinnamon Bidwell, Angela D Bryan, Kent E Hutchison

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carillon J SkrzynskiDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1283-5059
Raeghan L MuellerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
L Cinnamon BidwellDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6762-7586
Angela D BryanDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Kent E HutchisonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Funding

Rocky Mountain Cannabis Research CenterP50DA056408 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Angela Bryan · 2023 to 2026
$14.0M
Novel approaches to understanding the role of cannabinoids and inflammation in anxietyR01DA044131 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI BIDWELL, L. CINNAMON · 2017 to 2021
$2.8M
Exploring the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabis and their relevance to insulin sensitivityR01DA050515 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI BRYAN, ANGELA · 2019 to 2023
$2.8M
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment CDPHE96947National Institute of Drug Abuse 1R01DA50515-01A1National Institute of Drug Abuse P50DA056408National Institute of Drug Abuse R01DA044131NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA056408NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA044131NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA050515
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsCannabis legalization has increased product availability and use, subsequently necessitating efficient measurements of cannabis use that accurately reflect biomarkers of cannabis exposure (e.g. blood cannabinoid levels). The present study thus sought to compare cannabis use metrics and their associations with biomarkers and examine whether these associations were moderated by sex or age.

designObservational study using data from five larger studies.

settingData collection and recruitment occurred in the greater Boulder/Denver metropolitan area in Colorado, USA.

participantsIndividuals (n = 1090, M MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed assessments of typical quantity and frequency of cannabis use via an in-house survey (Cannabis Quantity and Frequency Scale; CQFS) versus past month use via the Timeline Follow Back (TLFB). Cannabis biomarkers were also collected, including blood levels of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) after immediate use and baseline levels of the primary THC metabolite, 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH)

findingsSeparate mixed effects models using TLFB versus CQFS cannabis metric predictors of the two biomarkers including moderators of sex and age resulted in higher adjusted R

conclusionsThe Cannabis Quantity and Frequency Scale (CQFS) measurement of total times/day appears to be a better predictor of general cannabis use than the Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) method. In contrast, TLFB appears to be better at predicting acute use of cannabis than the CQFS.

Indexed as

DronabinolMarijuana UseAdolescentAdultAge FactorsBiomarkersColoradoFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsYoung Adult11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acidBiomarkersDronabinolcannabinoidscannabis assessmentcannabis measurescannabis metricscannabis useTHC

Identifiers

PMID41070711
PMCPMC12617289

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.