ArticleJournal of oral & facial pain and headache2025
Stress and salivary cortisol levels among temporomandibular disorders: a case-control study.
Article in Journal of oral & facial pain and headache, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A patient journey map based on the experience of temporomandibular disorders patients: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of the salivary biomarker cortisol in patients with temporomandibular disorders.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Observational
- Temporomandibular disorders in a tertiary clinic: associations with pain, chronicity, sleep versus awake bruxism, and psychological factors-a retrospective study.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated how cumulative lifetime stress, as measured by the Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) scale, relates to salivary cortisol levels in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients compared to controls. Furthermore, to determine which specific lifetime stress domains are the strongest predictors of TMD.
methodsThe study was conducted with 110 participants (55 TMDs patients, 55 controls). Lifetime stress was assessed using the STRAIN questionnaire, and salivary cortisol levels were measured at two time points (7 AM and 10 AM) using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses included
resultsThe TMDs patients had significantly higher stress scores (11.10 ± 3.26) compared to the controls (1.43 ± 0.99) (
conclusionsTMDs patients experience significantly higher lifetime stress and cortisol levels than controls. Myalgia patients showed a complex psychological and physiological stress link, whereas the DDWoR with LO subgroup exhibited a distinct physiological stress response. Specific life stressors, particularly relationship- and partner-related stress, are key predictors of TMDs. These findings reinforce the importance of a biopsychosocial approach in understanding and managing TMDs. Future research should focus on longitudinal and interventional studies to further elucidate causal mechanisms and effective therapeutic strategies.
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