Leveraging artificial intelligence for early detection and prediction of acute kidney injury in clinical practice.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and rapidly developing condition characterized by a sudden deterioration in renal function, impairing the kidneys' ability to excrete metabolic waste and regulate fluid balance. Timely detection of AKI poses a significant challenge, largely due to the reliance on retrospective biomarkers such as elevated serum creatinine, which often manifest after substantial physiological damage has occurred. The deployment of AI technologies in healthcare has advanced early diagnostic capabilities for AKI, supported by the predictive power of modern machine learning frameworks. Nevertheless, many traditional approaches struggle to effectively model the temporal dynamics and evolving nature of kidney impairment, limiting their capacity to deliver accurate early predictions. Methods: To overcome these challenges, we propose an innovative framework that fuses static clinical variables with temporally evolving patient information through a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based deep learning architecture. This model is specifically designed to learn the progression patterns of kidney injury from sequential clinical data-such as serum creatinine trajectories, urine output, and blood pressure readings. To further enhance the model's temporal sensitivity, we incorporate an attention mechanism into the LSTM structure, allowing the network to prioritize critical time segments that carry higher predictive value for AKI onset. Results: Empirical evaluations confirm that our approach surpasses conventional prediction methods, offering improved accuracy and earlier detection. Discussion: This makes it a valuable tool for enabling proactive clinical interventions. The proposed model contributes to the expanding landscape of AI-enabled healthcare solutions for AKI, supporting the broader initiative to incorporate intelligent systems into clinical workflows to improve patient care and outcomes.