ArticleFrontiers in physiology2025
Facial video photoplethysmography for measuring average and quasi-instantaneous heart rate: a pilot validation study.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Video photoplethysmography (vPPG) is a contactless optical technique for recording blood pulsations in the blood vessels of the skin using a digital camera that is increasingly used to measure or estimate various physiological parameters. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of average and quasi-instantaneous heart rate (HR) measurements performed via facial vPPG technology Shen.AI Vitals and a smartphone camera. Methods: We studied 35 healthy volunteers in a seated position (median age 25 years, 17 females). Video recordings of participants' faces were obtained using the front camera of a smartphone mounted on a tripod. In parallel, a 1-lead chest electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded to obtain reference HR values (average value from the entire 60-s measurement and multiple values averaged over 10-s or 4-s periods during the measurement). Results: The mean absolute errors were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 beats per minute (bpm) for HR averaged over 60-s, 10-s, and 4-s periods, respectively. The errors did not exceed 1 bpm in 100.0%, 99.8%, and 94.5% of the cases, respectively. For the latter, our sample included almost 1,900 HR values from a relatively wide range (46-117 bpm). Regardless of the HR averaging time, the correlation between the vPPG-based and reference values was very strong (r > 0.99, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In predominantly young, white, seated subjects, the tested vPPG technology provided highly accurate HR measurements, both when the values were averaged over 60 s and in the case of short-term values averaged over 10 s or quasi-instantaneous values averaged over 4 s. To our knowledge, this is the first study on vPPG technology to examine quasi-instantaneous HR measurements (averaged over periods shorter than 5 s). The results should be confirmed in a larger study with greater diversity in age, skin tone, and lighting conditions.
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